This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP01/06362, internationally filed Sep. 4, 2000.

This application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/311,645, filed Aug. 10, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/338,113, filed Nov. 9, 2001.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/392,030, filed Mar. 19, 2003.

This application is a division of serial number 09/201,723 filed November 30, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,136 which is a continuation part of PCT/GB 97/01466 filed May 29, 1997.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/951,963, filed Sep. 13, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,635,716.

This application claims the benefit of Provisional application Ser. No. 60/121,744, filed Feb. 26, 1999.

PENDING APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS Illustrated in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 10/261,129 entitled Toners and Developers, filed Sep. 27, 2002 the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a toner comprising at least one binder in an amount of from about 85 to about 99 percent by weight, at least one colorant in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight, and calcium stearate in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 2 percent by weight, and wherein following triboelectric contact with carrier particles, the toner has a charge Q measured in femtocoulombs per particle diameter D measured in microns (Q/D) of from about -0.1 to about -1 fC/.mu.m with a variation during development of from about 0 to about 0.25 fC/.mu.m, and wherein the distribution is substantially unimodal and possesses a peak width of from about 0.1 fC/.mu.m to about 0.5 fC/.mu.m and the toner possesses a charge to mass M, as measured in grams, ratio (Q/M) of from about -25 to about -70 .mu.C/gram with variation of Q/M during development of from about 0 to about 15 .mu.C/gram.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application No. 09/886,821, filed Jun. 21, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,852,553, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/912,055, filed Aug. 18, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,251, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/584,595, filed Jan. 11, 1996, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/218,490, filed Mar. 25, 1994, now abandoned, the benefit of the priority of the filing dates of which is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 120.

This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/618,504 filed Mar. 19, 1996 U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,008.

This application is a divisional of copending application application Ser. No. 09/149,737 filed on Sep. 8, 1998 and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,307 and, claims the benefit thereof and incorporates the same by reference.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/864,535, filed May 24, 2001, U.S. Pat. No. 6,358,655. Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,3 86, filed concurrently herewith, entitled. "Photochromic Gyricon Display," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, Peter M. Kazmaier, Erwin Buncel, and James Wojtyk, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a display comprising an arrangement of a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements, each of said rotatable elements having a surface in contact with an enabling fluid, said rotatable elements being electrically dipolar in the presence of the enabling fluid and thus being subject to rotation upon application of an electric field, said rotatable elements being free to rotate in place but not free to translate substantially so as to disrupt the arrangement of rotatable elements, wherein a first portion of said surface contains a mixture of a chelating agent and a spiropyran material of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat --CH.sub.2 -- units and R is --H or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, and wherein a second portion of said surface contains substantially no spiropyran. Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,902, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Photochromic Electrophoretic Ink Display," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, Peter M. Kazmaier, Erwin Buncel, and James Wojtyk, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses an electrophoretic ink comprising a suspending fluid and, suspended in the suspending fluid, a plurality of particles comprising a mixture of a chelating agent and a spiropyran material of the formula ##STR3## wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat --CH.sub.2 -- unit and R is --H or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, said particles being free to migrate within said suspending fluid under the influence of an electric field. Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,475, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Marking Particles," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, Peter M. Kazmaier, Erwin Buncel, and James Wojtyk, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses marking particles comprising a first polymer, a second polymer, a chelating agent, and a spiropyran material of the formula ##STR4## wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat --CH.sub.2 -- units and R is --H or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2. The marking particles comprise a core containing the first polymer in which is dispersed the chelating agent and the spiropyran and encapsulated within a shell of the second polymer formulated by an interfacial polymerization.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/718,185, filed Nov. 20, 2000, now abandoned which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/442,828, filed Nov. 17, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,271, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/989,697, filed Dec. 12, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,998,511, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/723,325, filed Sep. 30, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,787, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/218,106, filed Mar. 25, 1994, now abandoned, the priority of the filing dates of which is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.120. Each application is expressly incorporated herein by reference.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/464,174, filed Dec. 16, 1999, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/237,512, filed Jan. 26, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,287, issued Feb. 6, 2001.

This is a 371 of PCT/JP01/01321 filed Feb. 22, 2001.

PENDING APPLICATION AND PATENTS In copending application U.S. Ser. No 08/922,437, filed Sep. 2, 1997, now abandoned, the disclosure which is totally incorporated herein by reference, there is illustrated, for example, a process for the preparation of toner comprising; (i) aggregating with a metal complex, or metal ion a colorant dispersion with a latex emulsion and optional additives to form aggregates; (ii) coalescing or fusing the aggregates; and optionally (iii) isolating, washing, and drying the toner.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/119,567, filed Jul. 20, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,724, which application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. provisional application Nos. 60/053,489 and 60/054,968, filed on Jul. 23, 1997 and on Aug. 7, 1997 respectively.

This is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 09/864,475 filed May 24, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,312.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/573,401, filed May 18, 2000, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/119,567, filed Jul. 20, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,724, issued Jul. 3, 2001, which claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. provisional application Nos. 60/053,489 and 60/054,968, filed on Jul. 23, 1997 and on Aug. 7, 1997 respectively.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application(s) application Ser. No. 09/269,386 filed on May 21, 1999 now abandoned which is, International Application PCT/JP98/03352 filed on Jul. 28, 1998 now abandoned and which designated the U.S., claims the benefit thereof and incorporates the same by reference.

This application is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 09/031,491, filed Feb. 26, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,251,246, which is a continuation of U.S. Application No. 08/121,822, filed Sep. 15, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,049.

This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 08/074,455 filed Jun. 10, 1993 abandoned.

This is a continuation in part of PCT application No. PCT/GB97/01466, filed May 29, 1997.

This application is a 371 of PCT/FR99/01/608 filed Jul. 5, 1999 .

Copending Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,386 pending, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Photochromic Gyricon Display," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, Peter M. Kazmaier, Erwin Buncel, and James Wojtyk, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses a display comprising an arrangement of a plurality of optically anisotropic rotatable elements, each of said rotatable elements having a surface in contact with an enabling fluid, said rotatable elements being electrically dipolar in the presence of the enabling fluid and thus being subject to rotation upon application of an electric field, said rotatable elements being free to rotate in place but not free to translate substantially so as to disrupt the arrangement of rotatable elements, wherein a first portion of said surface contains a mixture of a chelating agent and a spiropyran material of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat --CH.sub.2 -- units and R is --H or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, and wherein a second portion of said surface contains substantially no spiropyran. Copending Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,902 pending, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Photochromic Electrophoretic Ink Display," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, Peter M. Kazmaier, Erwin Buncel, and James Wojtyk, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses an electrophoretic ink comprising a suspending fluid and, suspended in the suspending fluid, a plurality of particles comprising a mixture of a chelating agent and a spiropyran material of the formula ##STR3## wherein n is an integer representing the number of repeat --CH.sub.2 -- units and R is --H or --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, said particles being free to migrate within said suspending fluid under the influence of an electric field. Copending Application U.S. Ser. No. 09/864,535 allowed, filed concurrently herewith, entitled "Marking Particles," with the named inventors Daniel A. Foucher, Raj D. Patel, Naveen Chopra, and Peter M. Kazmaier, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, discloses marking particles comprising a resin, a chelating agent, and a spiropyran material which is of the formula ##STR4## The marking particles are prepared by an emulsion aggregation process.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Serial No. 60/123,958, filed Mar. 12, 1999.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/179,553, filed Oct. 28, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,091, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/120,674, filed Jul. 22, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,965, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/974,125, filed Nov. 19, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,101.

This application is a continuation application Ser. No. 07/682,415, filed Apr. 8, 1991, abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/447,926, filed Dec. 8, 1989 abandoned.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part of (1) U.S. application Ser. No. 08/822,465, filed Mar. 21, 1997, which in turn claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/014,567, filed Apr. 1, 1996 and of Japanese Patent Application 8/93682, filed March 21, 1996; and is a continuation in part (2) International Application PCT/JP97/00944, filed Mar. 21, 1997, which claims benefit from Japanese Patent Application 8/93682, filed Mar. 21, 1996.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/584,595, filed Jan. 11, 1996, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/218,490, filed Mar. 25, 1994, now abandoned, priority of the filing date of which is hereby claimed under 35 U.S.C. .sctn. 120.

This application is related to No. 60/044,363 filed Apr. 29, 1997, and is a national storage application of PCT/US928/08505 filed Apr. 28, 1998.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 09/211,734, filed Dec. 15, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,829, issued Dec. 5, 2000 by the same inventors, entitled PRODUCT AND PROCESS FOR MAKING QUATERNIZED, WATER SOLUBLE VINYLPYRIDINE CARBOXYLATE POLYMERS.

This application is a division of Ser. No. 09/234,880, filed Jan. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,218, which is a continunaton-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/961,127, filed on Oct. 30, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,219, which application claims the benefit under 35 USC 19(e) of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/745,146, filed on Nov. 7, 1996, and converted into a Provisional Application by petition under 37 CFR 1.53(b)(2)(ii), filed on May 23, 1997, and granted on Aug. 7, 1997.

This application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/053,489 and 60/054,968, filed on Jul. 23, 1997 and on Aug. 7, 1997 respectively.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/121,822 filed Sep. 15, 1993 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,049.

This patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 from the provisional application Ser. No. 60/088,453 filed Jun. 8, 1998, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

This application claim benefit to Provisional application 60/068,791 filed Dec. 24, 1997 and claim benefit to Provisional application 60/099,161 filed Sep. 4, 1998.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/867,780, filed Jun. 3, 1997.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/054,320, filed Jul. 31, 1997.

This application is a CiP of Ser. No. 09/211,909 filed Dec. 15, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,096.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 08/676,775, filed Jul. 8, 1996, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/447,990, filed May 23, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,683, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/239,619 filed May 9, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,753, which is a continuation of 07/954,556 filed Sep. 30, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,499, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/821,084, filed Jan. 16, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,499, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/642,009, filed Jan. 16, 1991, now abandoned, which is continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/562,017, filed Aug. 2, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,588, which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/444,559 filed Dec. 1, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,249, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/078,186 filed Jul. 27, 1987, now abandoned. The disclosures in the foregoing applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/717,313, filed Sep. 20, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,029 which is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 08/533,134 filed on Sep. 25, 1995.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/059,265 filed May 11, 1993, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/359,891 filed Dec. 20, 1994, abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/395,875, filed Feb. 28, 1995, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/208,546, filed Mar. 9, 1994 now abandoned.

This application is a Division of application Ser. No. 08/665,416, filed on Jun. 18, 1996, now abandoned.

This is a Continuation-in-Part of prior Application Ser. No. 585,869 filed Jan. 16, 1996 now abandoned which is a Rule 60 Continuation of Application Ser. No. 08/122,420, filed Jan. 7, 1994 now abandoned.

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/586,690, filed Jan. 25, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,275, which is a 371 of PCT Application Ser. No. PCT/EP94/02784, filed Aug. 24, 1994, which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/111,352, filed Aug. 24, 1993, now abandoned.

This is a divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 08/717,313 filed on Sep. 20, 1996 which is a continuation in part of Ser. No. 08/533,134 filed on Sep. 25, 1995.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/515,185 filed Aug. 11, 1995 which application is now abandoned.

This application is a division of Ser. No. 08/429,514, filed Apr. 26, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,504.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/349,770, filed Dec. 6,1994 now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/342,947, filed Nov. 21, 1994, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/882,464 filed May 13, 1992 which application is now abandoned.

This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/257,62 filed Jun. 8, 1994, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/364,093, filed Dec. 27, 1994, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/384,079 filed on Feb. 6, 1995, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/105,430, filed on Aug. 10, 1993, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/962,416, filed on Oct. 16, 1992, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/779,014, filed on Oct. 18, 1991 now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/616,901 to Noguchi et al. filed on Nov. 21, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,418,056.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/083,936 filed Jun. 28, 1993, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/160,171, filed Dec. 2, 1993 now abandoned.

This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/166,075, filed Dec. 14, 1993, abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/432,760, filed May 02, 1995, abandoned.

This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 08/211,258, filed as PCT/EP92/02118 Sep. 16, 1992 published as WO93/05756 apr. 1, 1993 now abandoned.

This is a Continuation of Ser. No. 08/273,638, filed Jul. 12, 1994 now abandoned, which is a Continuation of Ser. No. 08/195,905 filed Feb. 14, 1994 now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/927,548 filed Aug. 6, 1992, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/646,709 filed Jan. 25, 1991, and now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/476,142 filed Feb. 26, 1990, and issued on Mar. 5, 1991 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,997,739, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/147,024, filed Jan. 19, 1988, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,771 on May 1, 1990, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/065,093, filed Jun. 18, 1987, and now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 06/801,376 filed Nov. 22, 1985, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 06/550,992 filed Nov. 14, 1983, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 06/279,673 filed Jul. 1, 1981, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 06/050,475 filed Jun. 20, 1979, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 05/741,408 filed Nov. 12, 1976, now abandoned, which was a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 05/408,008 filed Oct. 19, 1973, now abandoned, which claimed priority of JPA-104,865/72 filed Oct. 21, 1972, and JPA-105,289/72 filed Oct. 23, 1972.

This is a Division of Ser. No. 08/274,109, filed Jul. 12, 1994 , now abandoned which is a Continuation of Ser. No. 08/195,905 filed Feb. 14, 1994, now abandoned which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 07/927,548 filed Aug. 6, 1992, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 07/646,709 filed Jan. 25, 1991, and now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 07/476,142 filed Feb. 26, 1990, and issued on Mar. 5, 1991 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,997,739, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 07/147,024, filed Jan. 19, 1988, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,771 on May 1, 1990, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 07/065,093, filed Jun. 18, 1987, and now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 06/801,376 filed Nov. 22, 1985, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 06/550,992 filed Nov. 14, 1983, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 06/279,673 filed Jul. 1, 1981, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 06/050,475 filed Jun. 20, 1979, now abandoned, which was a Continuation of Ser. No. 5/741,408 filed Nov. 12, 1976, now abandoned, which was a Continuation-in-Part of Ser. No. 05/408,008 filed Oct. 19, 1973, now abandoned, which claimed priority of JPA-104,865/72 filed Oct. 21, 1972, and JPA-105,289/72 filed Oct. 23, 1972.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART This is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 105,457 now abandoned which was filed Aug. 10, 1993 and which was a divisional of Ser. No. 548,094 filed Jul. 5, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,127. Each of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/172,627, filed on Dec. 23, 1993; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/053,620, filed Apr. 27, 1993, both now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/072,542 filed on Jun. 4, 1993, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/030,490, filed as PCT/JP91/01312, Sep. 30, 1991, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/910,875 filed Jul. 9, 1992, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/017,400 filed on Feb. 12, 1993, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/110,754, filed on Aug. 23, 1993, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/829,600, filed on Feb. 3, 1992, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/515,350filed on Apr. 30, 1990, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 07/264,876, filed on Oct. 31, 1988, all now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/899,985 filed Jun. 17, 1992, now abandoned

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/046,670, filed Apr. 13, 1993, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/005,003, filed Jan. 15, 1993, now abandoned.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 07/948,251, filed Sept. 21, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,640.

This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 07/842,604 filed on Feb. 27, 1992, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Set. No. 07/821,084 filed Jan. 16, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 07/642,009 filed Jan. 16, 1991, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 07/562,017 filed Aug. 2, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,588, which is a division of patent application Ser. No. 07/444,599 filed Dec. 1, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,249, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/078,186 filed Jul. 27, 1987, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation application of now abandoned application, Ser. No. 07/888,926, filed May 27, 1992.

This application is a continuation-in-part of copending Ser. No. 792,143, filed Nov. 12, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,152,906 which is a division of copending Ser. No. 661,429, filed Feb. 25, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,099,923.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a divisional application of Ser. No. 07/450,119 filed Dec. 12, 1989, which is now abandoned. is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 07/429,879 filed Oct. 31, 1989; now U.S. Pat. No. 5,133,864; which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/234,978 filed Aug. 22, 1988, now abandoned, which is itself a divisional application of Ser. No. 06/776,534 filed Sep. 16, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,036. These are incorporated herein by reference.

This application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 07/938,962 filed on Sep. 1, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,033.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 353,376, filed May 17, 1989, now abandoned.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/679,275, filed on Apr. 2, 1991.

This is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 07/745,319, filed on Aug. 15, 1991, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/264,133 filed Oct. 28, 1988, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 234,978 filed Aug. 22, 1988, now abandoned, which is itself a divisional application of Ser. No. 776,534 filed Sep. 16, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,036. These are incorporated herein by reference.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 902,670 filed Sept. 2, 1986, which is a continuing application of Ser. No. 457,267, filed Jan. 11, 1983, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 428,631, filed on Oct. 30, 1989, now abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/160,278 filed Feb. 25, 1988, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 866,029 filed May 21, 1986, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 06/857,321, filed on Apr. 30, 1986, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/395,584, filed on Aug. 18, 1989, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 477,193, filed Feb. 6, 1990; now U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,598 which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 147,025, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,982, filed Jan. 19, 1988; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 65,092, filed June 18, 1987; now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 768,496, abandoned, filed Aug. 22, 1985; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 550,992, abandoned, filed Nov. 14, 1983; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 279,673, filed July 1, 1981; abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 50,475, abandoned, filed June 20, 1979; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 741,408, abandoned, filed Nov. 12, 1976; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 408,008, filed Oct. 19, 1973; abandoned, which claims the priority of Japanese Application 105289/72, filed Oct. 23, 1972, and 104865/72, filed Oct. 21, 1972.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 147,024, filed Jan. 19, 1988 U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,771; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 65,093, filed Jun. 18, 1987 now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 801,376, filed Nov. 22, 1985 now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 550,992, filed Nov. 14, 1983 abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 279,673, filed Jul. 1, 1981 abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 50,475, filed Jun. 20, 1979 abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 741,408, filed Nov. 12, 1976 abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 408,008, abandoned, filed Oct. 19, 1973; which claims the priority of Japanese Applications Nos. 105289/72, abandoned, filed Oct. 23, 1972, and 104865/72, abandoned, filed Oct. 21, 1972.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 147,024, filed Jan. 19, 1988 U.S. Pat. No. 4,921,771; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 65,093, filed June 18, 1987, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 801,376, filed Nov. 22, 1985, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 550,992, filed Nov. 14, 1983, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 279,673, filed July 1, 1981, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 50,475, filed June 20, 1979, now abandoned; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 741,408, filed Nov. 12, 1976 abandoned; which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 408,008, filed Oct. 19, 1973 abandoned; which claims the priority of Japanese Applications Nos. 105289/72, filed Oct. 23, 1972, and 104865/72, filed Oct. 21, 1972.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/387,407, filed July 28, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4945005, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/032,641, filed Mar. 31, 1987, abandoned.

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 07/241,790, filed Sept. 6, 1988, which is a division of application Ser. No. 06/928,392, filed Nov. 10, 1986.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 165,060 filed on Mar. 7, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,227.

This is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 943,623 filed Dec. 18, 1986 now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 765,969, filed Aug. 15, 1985, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 065,093, filed Jun. 18, 1987, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 801,376, filed Nov. 22, 1985; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 550,992, filed Nov. 14, 1983; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 279,673, filed Jul. 1, 1981.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/195,996, filed 5/19/88, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 065,092, filed June 18, 1987, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 768,496, filed Aug. 22, 1985 which is a division of Ser. No. 550,992, filed Nov. 14, 1983; which is a continutation of Ser. No. 279,673, filed July 1, 1981; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 50,475, filed June 20, 1979; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 741,408, filed Nov. 12, 1976; which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 408,008, filed Oct. 19, 1973; which in turn claims the priority of Japanese applications 104,865/72, filed Oct. 21, 1972 and 105,289/72, filed Oct. 23, 1972.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 876,539, filed June 20, 1986, now abandoned.

This application is a division of Ser. No. 06/931,876, filed Nov. 17, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,465, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 06/729,183, filed May 1, 1985, now abandoned. This invention relates to a vinyl chloride resin for use in magnetic paints, particularly as a binder for magnetic recording media. Magnetic recording media such as magnetic tapes or cards are generally produced by coating a magnetic paint comprising a magnetic powder and a binder on a substrate such as a polyester film to form a magnetic layer thereon. In recent years, finely divided magnetic metal powders having a high specific surface area have come into use as such a magnetic powder in an attempt to increase coercivity, maximum saturation magnetization, SN ratios and recording density. Since the magnetic metal powders have high surface activity, the use of ordinary binders such as a vinyl chloride/ vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol terpolymer, a vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate/maleic acid terpolymer, or nitrocellulose leads to the difficulty that a magnetic paint is gelled during preparation, or the magnetic metal powders have insufficient dispersibility. A low-molecular-weight surface-active agent is used as a dispersant in order to improve the dispersibility of the magnetic powder. The amount of the dispersant that can be used is limited since when used in large amounts, it will reduce the durability of the resulting magnetic recording medium or cause contamination of a recording head. On the other hand, in order to increase the durability and reliability of magnetic recording media, attempts are generally made, especially in the production of magnetic videotapes, to crosslink the magnetic layer by adding a flexible material such as a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin or acrylonitrile/butadiene rubber and a crosslinking agent which reacts with a part or the whole of the binder. The binder is therefore required to be compatible with the flexible material and have proper reactivity with the crosslinking agent. The binder is further required in view of the necessity of increasing the reliability of magnetic tapes to have excellent chemical stability and the freedom from generation of decomposition products which will degrade the magnetic powder or cause corrosion of the recording head. The present inventors have made extensive investigations in order to develop a binder which can meet the higher performance of magnetic recording media, and have found that the use of a specified vinyl chloride resin can give a magnetic paint which maintains high dispersibility, is free from gellation, and has excellent reactivity with crosslinking agents and heat stability, and that a magnetic recording medium obtained by using this magnetic paint has good film surface smoothness and durability and excellent running property, magnetic properties and electromagnetic converting characteristics. According to this invention, there is provided a resin for use in magnetic paints, said resin being a copolymer composed of (1) at least 60% by weight of vinyl chloride units, (2) 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, as a sulfur- or phosphorus-containing strong acid group, of strong acid group-containing monomer units, (3) at least 0.1% by weight, as the hydroxyl groups, of units of a monomer which gives a side chain represented by the formula --X--OH wherein X is an organic group, and (4) 0 to 20% by weight of units of another monomer. The resin of this invention can be obtained by copolymirizing in the presence of a radical generator (1') vinyl chloride, (2') a monomer having a sulfur- or phosphorus-containing strong acid group, (3') a monomer having a group represented by the formula --X--OH wherein X is an organic group, and as required (4') another monomer copolymerizable with these monomers. The monomer (2') having a sulfur- or phosphorus-containing strong acid group may, for example, be a radical-polymerizable monomer having a group derived from a strong acid containing sulfur or phosphorus such as a sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or phosphonic acid, or an alkali metal or ammonium salt of such a strong acid. Of these strong acids, sulfonic acids and their salts are most readily available and include many species. Examples are vinylsulfonic acid, methylvinylsulfonic acid, (meth) allylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, ethyl (meth)acrylate-2-1-sulfonate, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3- allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, and alkali metal and ammonium salts of these compounds. Examples of monomers having groups derived from sulfuric acid or its salts include ethyl (meth)acrylate-2-sulfate, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfuric acid, and alkali metal and ammonium salts of these. Examples of monomers having groups derived from phosphoric acid or its salts are propyl (meth)acrylate-3-chloro-2-phosphate, ethyl (meth)acrylate-2-phosphate, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanephosphate and alkali metal and ammonium salts of these. Examples of monomers having groups derived from phosphonic acid or its salts include vinylphosphonic acid, acrylamidemethanephosphonic acid, ethyl 2-phosphonate-(meth)acrylate, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanephosphonate, and alkali metal and ammonium salts of these. Preferred monomers (3') which give a side chain represented by the formula --X--OH are those in which X is organic groups typified b C.sub.n H.sub.2n, OC.sub.n H.sub.2n, COOC.sub.n H.sub.2n and CONHC.sub.n H.sub.2n in which n is an integer of from 1 to 4. Specific examples include alkanol esters of alpha, beta-unsaturated acids such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate; alkanol esters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as mono-2hydroxypropyl maleate, di-2-hydroxypropyl maleate and mono-2hydroxybutyl itaconate; olefinic alcohols such as 3-buten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, 4-penten-2-ol and 1-hexen-3-ol; alkanol vinyl ethers such as 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether and 2-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether; and acrylamides such as N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide. Of the monomers (3'), those of the type in which OH in the formula --X--OH is bonded to the secondary carbon atom (carbon having one hydrogen atom) of X are preferred in this invention because copolymers obtained by using such monomers have especially good solubility in solvents and an especially long pot life in the presence of a crosslinking agent. Examples of the other monomer (4') which may be used as required in this invention include vinyl esters of carboxylic acids such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether and cetyl vinyl ether; vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid; unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride; esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids such as diethyl maleate, butylbenzyl maleate, dimethyl itaconate, methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate and lauryl (meth)acrylate; olefins such as ethylene and propylene; unsaturated nitriles such as (meth)acrylonitrile; and aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, alpha-methylstyrene and p-methylstyrene. These monomers (4') are properly chosen in order to increase the solubility of a mixture of the resin of this invention with another resin while regulating the compatibility of these resins with each other and their softening points, or to improve the properties of the coated film or the coating process. The resin of this invention may be produced by any of known polymerization methods. In view of the solubility of the polymer, it is preferably produced by solution polymerization, or by a suspension polymerization method using a lower alcohol such as methanol or ethanol or a combination of it with deionized water as a polymerization medium. Suitable polymerization initiators that may be used in the polymerization process include, for example, organic peroxides such as lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxydicarbonate, di-2-ethoxyethyl peroxydicarbonate, 1-butyl peroxypivalate and 1-butyl peroxyneodecanoate; azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile and 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid; and inorganic peroxides such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and ammonium perphosphate. Suitable suspension stabilizers that may be used in the polymerization process include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol and a partially saponified product of polyvinyl acetate; cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose; synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, maleic acid/styrene copolymer, maleic acid/methyl vinyl ether copolymer and maleic acid/vinyl acetate copolymer; and natural polymers such as starch and gelatin. Suitable emulsifiers that may be used in the polymerization process include, for example, anionic emulsifiers such as sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates or sodium laurylsulfate, and nonionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and partial esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acids. As required, molecular weight controlling agents such as trichloroethylene or thioglycol may be used in the polymerization process. The aforesaid radical initiator, vinyl chloride, the other monomers, the suspending agent the emulsifier, the molecular weight controlling agent, etc. may be added at a time at the start of polymerization, or portionwise during the polymerization. The polymerization is usually carried out at a temperature of 35 to 80.degree. C. with stirring. The resulting resin should contain at least 60% by weight of the vinyl chloride units (1). If the proportion of the units (1) is less than 60% by weight, the compatibility of the resin with a flexible material is reduced, or the separation of the solvent from the coated film becomes very difficult. The amount of the strong acid group-containing monomer units (2) bonded to the resin should be 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 3.0% by weight, as --SO.sub.3, --SO.sub.4, --PO.sub.4, --PO.sub.3, etc. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the dispersibility of a magnetic powder in the resin is insufficient. If it exceeds 4.0% by weight, the resin has increased hydrophilicity and insufficient solubility in solvents, and a magnetic paint prepared by using it is liable to gel and thicken. Furthermore, the moisture resistance of a coated film formed from the paint is reduced, or the magnetic powder aggregates and has poor dispersibility. The amount of the monomer units (3) which give the side chain --X--OH should be at least 0.1% by weight as the hydroxyl groups. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the crosslinking effect of an isocyanate compound on the coated magnetic layer cannot be exhibited. The upper limit of the amount of the hydroxyl groups is preferably 2.0% by weight. If it is larger than 2.0% by weight, the resulting paint has a very short pot life and is difficult to use. The above-specified amount of the hydroxyl group is much smaller than the amount of hydroxyl groups in the vinyl chloride/vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymer known heretofore to be usable for magnetic paints. In spite of this fact, the resin of this invention fully reacts with the isocyanate compound to form a crosslinkage. Although no clear reason has yet been assigned to it, it is presumed that the hydroxyl groups which participate in the reaction are remote from the main chain of the copolymer and have an increased degree of freedom, and also the hydroxyl groups are uniformly distributed in the copolymer. The amount of the other monomer units (4) should be 0 to 20% by weight. If it exceeds 20% by weight, the separation of the solvent from the paint becomes poor, and the softening point of the copolymer becomes low. Consequently, the heat-resistant running property of a magnetic recording medium prepared by using it tends to be degraded. The resin has a degree of polymerization of 100 to 900, preferably 200 to 500. If it is less than 100, the resulting magnetic layer has insufficient abrasion resistance. If it exceeds 900, the viscosity of the paint is high, and dispersion of a magnetic powder in it tends to be insufficient. The resin of this invention obtained as above, as in the case of ordinary vinyl chloride resin binders for magnetic paints, is prepared into a solution in a solvent together with a flexible material such as a polyurethane resin, polyester resin or acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, a crosslinking agent typified by polyisocyanates, and a magnetic powder, and as required, other known materials such as a lubricant, a dispersant, an antistatic agent and an abrasive agent. Typical examples of the polyurethane resin are those obtained by the reaction of polyester polyols or polyether polyols with isocyanates. Preferred are those which have remaining hydroxyl groups. Magnetic metallic powders such as Fe and Co powders are preferred as the magnetic powder, but iron oxide powders such as .gamma.--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, Co-containing .gamma.--Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Co-containing Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 and barium ferrite and CrO.sub.2 powder may also be used. As required, the resin of this invention may be used in combination with an ordinary resin binder for magnetic paints, such as a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, a vinyl chloride/vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymer, a cellulosic resin, a phenoxy resin, an amino resin, an epoxy resin, a butyral resin or an acrylic resin, within the range in which the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. Since the resin of this invention contains units from a hydroxyl-containing monomer other than vinyl alcohol, it does not undergo degradation by saponification treatment. In addition, the resin of this invention can exhibit higher heat stability than the conventional vinyl chloride/vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate copolymer or a vinyl chloride copolymer containing a strong acid group prepared from the first-mentioned copolymer as a starting material. Hence, by using the resin of this invention, there can be produced a magnetic recording medium which has excellent reliability and does not easily corrode a recording head.

This application is a continuation-in part of-commonly assigned, co-pending application, Ser. No. 003,350, filed 1-19-87, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,414 entitled "A Photo-Product Energy Barrier Composition". The present invention relates to a substrate having an adherent photo-product coating, and a method for coating a substrate with that photo-product composition. More particularly, it relates to a photo-product coating adhered to the surface of a plastic substrate, and a method for producing such a structure by coating a plastic substrate with a substituted benzophenone reactant mixture which is exposed to light in the presence of an oxygen source. Benzophenones and substituted benzophenones are well known as ultraviolet light absorbers. See for example, BASF Wyandotte Corporation's Technical Data entitled "UVIMUL UV Absorbers, For Cosmetics, Plastics, Coatings, Textiles", which discloses numerous substituted benzophenones, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone in particular, as useful absorbers of ultraviolet light for a variety of applications. Additionally, Smallwood et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,296,191, discloses that thermally-produced nickel or cobalt derivatives of specified hydroxybenzophenones, which do not include 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, are useful as light and heat stabilizers for polypropylenes. The disclosed benzophenones are 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-alkoxybenzophenones with C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl radicals being required for effective stabilization. Additionally, the coordination complex contains no more than about one mole of metal for every two moles of benzophenone. U.S. Pat. No. 2,989,416 to Standish, however, states that these materials, in general, are not entirely satisfactory because of the difficulty in applying them to surfaces and the relative ease by which they are washed from such surfaces. Standish addresses such problems by reacting certain ortho-hydroxyl substituted benzophenones, with a trivalent metal, either chromium or aluminum, in molar ratios of benzophenone to metal ranging from 1:0.5 to 1:10 to form water-soluble Werner complexes that absorb longer wavelength ultraviolet radiation. The Standish product is a thermally produced compound, not a composition produced by a photo reaction. More specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide a plastic substrate having on its surface an adherent photo-product coating. The coating provides an effective screen against ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Still more specifically, it is an object of this invention to provide a photo-product coating that strongly adheres to plastic substrates including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, the copolymerization product of styrene and acrylonitrile. styrene and butadiene, a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, an epoxy resin, an elastomer, a polysulfone, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polyacetal, a polyphenylene oxide, a urea formaldehyde condensation product, a melamine formaldehyde condensation product, a polyester resin, acrylic acid ester polymers, polyvinylacetate and polytetrafluoroethylene. These and additional objectives are shown from the description below. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the substrate embodiment, this invention consists of a plastic substrate having on its surface an adherent photo-product coating, which coating is formed by exposing to light in the presence of an oxygen source, a reactant mixture ("Reactant Mixture I") comprising (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, and (c) optionally a trace amount of at least one reactive metal, in a solvent. In a further substrate embodiment, the reactant mixture ("Reactant Mixture II") comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, and (c) at least one metal salt, in a solvent. In still another substrate embodiment, the reactant mixture ("Reactant Mixture III") comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) at least one metal salt, and (c) at least one amine, in a solvent. In still a further substrate embodiment, the reactant mixture ("Reactant Mixture IV") comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, (c) at least one metal salt, and (d) at least one amine, in a solvent. In the method embodiment, this invention consists of a method of forming an adherent photo-product coating on the surface of a plastic substrate comprising the steps of (1) preparing a reactant mixture comprising (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, and (c) optionally a trace amount of at least one reactive metal, in a solvent; (2) contacting said substrate with said reactant mixture; and (3) exposing said reactant mixture in contact with said substrate to light in the presence of an oxygen source. ("Method of Reactant Mixture I"). In another method embodiment, the reactant mixture comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, and (c) at least one metal salt, in a solvent. ("Method of Reactant Mixture II"). In still another method embodiment, the reactant mixture comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) at least one metal salt, and (c) at least one amine, in a solvent. ("Method of Reactant Mixture III"). In still a further method embodiment, the reactant mixture comprises (a) 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, (b) ammonium hydroxide, (c) at least one metal salt, and (d) at least one amine, in a solvent. ("Method of Reactant Mixture IV"). It has been surprisingly found that 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (THBP) in combination with (1) ammonium hydroxide, or (2) ammonium hydroxide and at least one metal salt, or (3) at least one metal salt and at least one amine, or (4) ammonium hydroxide, at least one metal salt and at least one amine; in a suitable solvent, produces an adherent photo-product coating on the surface of a plastic substrate upon exposure to light in the presence of oxygen. It has been additionally found that the photo-product coatings of this invention tenaciously adhere to many plastic substrates including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, the copolymerization product of styrene and acrylonitrile, styrene and butadiene, a phenol formaldehyde condensation product, an epoxy resin, an elastomer, a polysulfone, a polycarbonate, a polyamide, a polyacetal, a polyphenylene oxide, a urea formaldehyde condensation product, a melamine-formaldehyde condensation product, a polyester resin, acrylic acid ester polymers, polyvinylacetate and polytetrafluoroethylene, and are insoluble in water and many organic solvents and therefore resist removal from these substrates once applied.

This application is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 729,183 filed May 1, 1985, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 767,849 filed Aug. 25,1985 now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 232,327, filed Feb. 16, 1981, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,432,881.

This application is a continuation-in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 736,237, filed May 21, 1985, and is related to commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 773,700, filed Sept. 9, 1985, now abandoned and refiled as U.S. application Ser. No. 875,250, June 17, 1986.

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 634,945, filed July 27, 1984, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 587,008, filed Mar. 7, 1984, which in turn is a continuation application of Ser. No. 180,443, filed Aug. 22, 1980. Ser. No. 180,443 in turn is a continuation application of Ser. No. 886,554, filed Mar. 14, 1978, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,240,450, issued on Dec. 23, 1980.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 06/582574, filed 02/16/84 now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 702,521, filed Feb. 19, 1985, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part application of application, U.S. Ser. No. 578,303, filed on Feb. 9, 1984, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 06/150,706, filed May 19, 1980, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. application No. 05/961,556, filed Nov. 17, 1978, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 814,351, filed 07-11-77; which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 718,549, filed 08-30-76, both abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 422,109, filed Sept. 22, 1982, now abandoned.

RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 390,883 filed on June 22, 1982, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 112,087, filed Jan. 14, 1980, now abandoned.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending application Ser. No. 310,997, filed Oct. 13, 1981, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 157,876, filed June 9, 1980, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation of Serial No. 911,863, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,199,625 issued Apr. 22, 1980.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 796,627, filed May 13, 1977 and now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 933,689 filed on Aug. 15, 1978, now abandoned.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 1,579, filed Jan. 8, 1979, now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 861,008, filed Dec. 15, 1977, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 721,550, filed Sept. 8, 1976, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application is a continuation-in-part application of co-pending application Ser. No. 946,227, filed Sept. 27, 1978, now abandoned entitled "Aqueous Drilling Fluid Additive, Composition and Process," and assigned to the same assignee as this application.

This invention relates to insulated electrical communications conductors and more particularly to an improved insulation for such conductors. This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 926,309, filed July 20, 1978, now abandoned; which was a divisional of application Ser. No. 617,324 filed Sept. 29, 1975 and now U.S. Pat. No. 4,125,645.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 814,351, filed July 11, 1977, a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 718,549, filed Aug. 30, 1976 now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a division of Ser. No. 936,155, filed Aug. 23, 1978 now abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 880,684, filed Feb. 23, 1978, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 744,680, filed Nov. 24, 1976, now abandoned, and Ser. No. 778,182, filed Mar. 16, l977, now abandoned, each of which are continuations-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 653,816, filed Jan 30, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 575,680, filed May 5, l975, now abandoned, which in turn is a contination-in-part of Ser. No. 506,919, filed Sept. 17, 1974, now abandoned. This application is also a continuation of Ser. No. 778,184, filed Mar. 16, 1977, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of (a) Ser. No. 744,842, filed Nov. 24, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 653,816 and (b) Ser. No. 653,816, filed Jan. 30, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 575,680, filed May 5, 1975, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 506,919, filed Sept. 17, 1974, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 880,684, filed Feb. 23, 1978, now abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 744,680, filed Nov. 24, 1976, now abandoned, and Ser. No. 778,182, filed Mar. 16, 1977, now abandoned, each of which are continuations-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 653,816, filed Jan. 30, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 575,680, filed May 5, 1975, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 506,919, filed Sept. 17, 1974, now abandoned. This application is also a continuation of Ser. No. 778,184, filed Mar. 16, 1977, which is a continuation-in-part of (a) Ser. No. 744,842, filed Nov. 24, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 653,816 and (b) Ser. No. 653,816, filed Jan. 30, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 575,680, filed May 5, 1975, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 506,919, filed Sept. 17, 1974, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 778,184, filed Mar. 16, 1977, now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 653,816, filed Jan. 30, 1976, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 575,689, filed May 5, 1975, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 506,919, filed Sept. 17, 1974, now abandoned. Ser. No. 778,184 is also a continuation-in-part application of Ser. No. 744,842, filed Nov. 24, 1976, now abandoned which is also a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 653,816, now abandoned.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 602,959, filed Aug. 7, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,065,537.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 293,160, filed Sept. 28, 1972; now U.S. Pat. No. 3,880,656; Issued on: Apr. 29, 1975.

This is a continuation of Application Ser. No. 597,750 filed July 21, 1975, now abandoned which is a continuation of Application Ser. No. 446,870, filed Feb. 28, 1974, now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 565,880, filed Apr. 7, 1975 now abandoned.

The present application is a division of co-pending application Ser. No. 143,275, filed Oct. 2, 1961, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,965,676 by Otto G. Schaffling.

The present application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 143,274, filed Oct. 2, 1961, by Otto G. Schaffling, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,523.

This is a division of Ser. No. 525,731 filed Nov. 21, 1974 now abandoned.

This is a continuation, of Ser. No. 525,731 filed Nov. 21, 1974 now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a divisional, of application Ser. No. 494,439, Filed Aug. 5, 1974.

This is a divisional, of application Ser. No. 565,880, filed Apr. 7, 1975 now abandoned.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a divisional, of application Ser. No. 494,439, filed Aug. 5, 1974.

RELATED APPLICATION The present application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 495657 filed Aug. 9, 1974, now abandoned, and the present inventors are co-inventors of the parent application.

This is a division, of application Ser. No. 305,672, filed Nov. 13, 1972; now U.S. Pat. No. 3,879,196, Issued on: Apr. 22, 1975.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This is a divisional, of application Ser. No. 494,439, filed Aug. 5, 1974.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our application Ser. No. 516,739, filed Oct. 21, 1974, and now abandoned, entitled A PROCESS OF FILM-FORMING PHOSPHATIZATION OF METALLIC SURFACES.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Ser. No. 232,940, filed Mar. 8, 1972, now abandoned.

This is a division, of application Ser. No. 757,473, filed Sept. 4, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,937, issued Feb. 29, 1972.

This patent application is a division of co-pending commonly-assigned patent application, Ser. No. 260,613, filed June 7, 1972 now issued U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,173.